There have been three waves or educational reform that has continuously influenced American education. The first and strongest wave of them all began in 1982 and was established as a means to raise standards. It was intended to raise the quality of education by requiring more courses and testing of the performances of teachers and students. States were to take the lead and improve existing practices.
The second wave began in 1986 and was established in order to restructure the school. The purpose of this wave was to give the teachers more power by giving them more control of the school. It also addressed some of the problems that children of color and other students that faced educational barriers.
The third wave began in 1988 and was established as a means to begin comprehensive services; it had the most ambitions of all the other waves. This wave wanted schools to be seen as more than an educational facility. The goal of this wave was to make schools provide health care, social services, and transportation. The overall belief behind this wave was in order to bring a child into adulthood successfully; schools should be like a one stop store, providing educational, social, medical, and other services.
The first wave came about after A Nation at Risk saw the reformation of schools in terms of national defense and economic competition. Corporations were complaining that they had to teach employees basic math and reading skills. The military found recruiting hard because they could not find people that were technically skilled to handle the equipment. Critics began pointing to low scores by American students largely in math and science. They then began saying that schools were not meeting the nation's technical and economical needs.
So, standardized tests were administered to identify weak performing students, teachers, and schools. These tests in turn helped to pinpoint those students, teachers, and schools that were meeting the nation's technical and economical needs. This is why this first wave is still the most dominant today. We still use it to determine who is meeting the standards set by the state.
Saturday, January 30, 2010
Reflection 7
In Egypt, royalty, farmers, men, and women all received some form of education. Elementary aged boys usually started their first year in school around four. Their fathers would choose a future occupation for them and they would only take up the necessary subjects for that occupation. An example of this is only people who were going to be tax collectors would learn math. Everyone however had to learn to read and write. The Egyptians viewed the ability to read and write as a way of commanding respect.
When Egyptians were home schooled, everyone was taught a trade. Officials would teach their sons their trade and succession would be immediate, the son would take over the fathers business in the future. If however, a man did not have a son to be his successor, he would "adopt" an apprentice as his own and allow him to be his successor. Families were usually the teachers or their child's homeschooling although, the king did not teach his children by himself. The king's children would learn from royal tutors.
Girls from families that were not so well off would learn how to keep a well maintained house, sing, dance, and play musical instruments. The children of farmers would learn how to harvest a good crop, sow, tend to the poultry and cattle, make nets, and how to catch and prepare fish.
Egyptians would worship in temples. Their place of worship was fairly private and although there were many temples, none was seen as more superior or inferior to the other. During the New Kingdom, temple schools developed and it was very hard to get into one. There were two in Thebes, one in Mut Temple and another one at the Ramesseum.
In Mesopotamia, formal education was mainly to train scribes and priests. It included reading, writing, religion, mathematics, medicine, and astrology. They generally used memorization, oral repetition, copying, and individual instruction as a method of learning. They were very big on apprenticeship, they believed that if you took someone as your apprentice, you were to treat them as your own child by teaching them everything about your trade and if you did not they could leave. In Mesopotamian temple schools, they learned cuneiform, arithmetic, and units of measurement.
When Egyptians were home schooled, everyone was taught a trade. Officials would teach their sons their trade and succession would be immediate, the son would take over the fathers business in the future. If however, a man did not have a son to be his successor, he would "adopt" an apprentice as his own and allow him to be his successor. Families were usually the teachers or their child's homeschooling although, the king did not teach his children by himself. The king's children would learn from royal tutors.
Girls from families that were not so well off would learn how to keep a well maintained house, sing, dance, and play musical instruments. The children of farmers would learn how to harvest a good crop, sow, tend to the poultry and cattle, make nets, and how to catch and prepare fish.
Egyptians would worship in temples. Their place of worship was fairly private and although there were many temples, none was seen as more superior or inferior to the other. During the New Kingdom, temple schools developed and it was very hard to get into one. There were two in Thebes, one in Mut Temple and another one at the Ramesseum.
In Mesopotamia, formal education was mainly to train scribes and priests. It included reading, writing, religion, mathematics, medicine, and astrology. They generally used memorization, oral repetition, copying, and individual instruction as a method of learning. They were very big on apprenticeship, they believed that if you took someone as your apprentice, you were to treat them as your own child by teaching them everything about your trade and if you did not they could leave. In Mesopotamian temple schools, they learned cuneiform, arithmetic, and units of measurement.
Saturday, January 23, 2010
Reflection 4
The theory of evolution has always seemed to be ever changing. One day everyone is saying that we all come from monkeys and the next everyone is saying we all come from a fish. After reading Hominids, Early Human Phylogeny, and the story of Lucy, one can say that more people believe that we are all descendants of monkeys. I on the other hand beg to differ.
Just because monkeys happen to walk on two legs, use their hands as we do, and have a face structure similar to ours, does not mean that we are related. I can support the theory that we all came from Africa however. Now as far as all of us being descendants of Lucy, I also disagree. The only Lucy that I am descended from is Lucienne Joseph.
Despite my conflicting beliefs to the subject matter, I still found the readings quite interesting. It was interesting to see the change in brain size and speech develop. I also thought the fact that females once gave birth to litters of kids at a time was cool. Then when I learned that babies weren't always so dependent on their parents.
Homo Habilis started using very primitive versions of tools, then Homo Erectus came along and perfected tool use. They even found and discovered fire! They used fire as a means of survival from using it to cook, to using it to scare animals out of their caves for shelter. These things alone show the evolving of the ancient human mind.
Homo Erectus also made more advanced tools. These tools basically changed their way of life. No longer did they have to eat from the ground by using a stick to dig in the earth and get grub. Now, they could start hunting large game and not only eat their meat, but use their hides and skin as clothing.
While these pieces were very informational and at times controversial, they did not really have an effect on me. I just really liked that I was able to see how the human mind has literally grown. Not only has the mind grown, but the cognitive abilities has reached such extreme heights of higher knowledge.
Reading these pieces made me recall the saying "If you don't know where you came from, you don't know who you are." I'm proud to say that I do know who I am because thanks to these pieces I can trace back human history.
Just because monkeys happen to walk on two legs, use their hands as we do, and have a face structure similar to ours, does not mean that we are related. I can support the theory that we all came from Africa however. Now as far as all of us being descendants of Lucy, I also disagree. The only Lucy that I am descended from is Lucienne Joseph.
Despite my conflicting beliefs to the subject matter, I still found the readings quite interesting. It was interesting to see the change in brain size and speech develop. I also thought the fact that females once gave birth to litters of kids at a time was cool. Then when I learned that babies weren't always so dependent on their parents.
Homo Habilis started using very primitive versions of tools, then Homo Erectus came along and perfected tool use. They even found and discovered fire! They used fire as a means of survival from using it to cook, to using it to scare animals out of their caves for shelter. These things alone show the evolving of the ancient human mind.
Homo Erectus also made more advanced tools. These tools basically changed their way of life. No longer did they have to eat from the ground by using a stick to dig in the earth and get grub. Now, they could start hunting large game and not only eat their meat, but use their hides and skin as clothing.
While these pieces were very informational and at times controversial, they did not really have an effect on me. I just really liked that I was able to see how the human mind has literally grown. Not only has the mind grown, but the cognitive abilities has reached such extreme heights of higher knowledge.
Reading these pieces made me recall the saying "If you don't know where you came from, you don't know who you are." I'm proud to say that I do know who I am because thanks to these pieces I can trace back human history.
Reflection 6
"Without knowing the force of words it is impossible to know men." -Confucius
It can be said that we use writing as a means of communication every day. Right now I am using writing to do my homework. Some people use writing as a channel for their emotions, which by the way can sometimes lead to great poems and lyrics. However, writing does not always have to consist of letters. It can be a mixture of characters, symbols, and even numbers.
The invention of writing alone played a vital role in the establishment of the ancient civilizations. It is believed that writing was invented twice independently and three times in various places and times in history. In 3200 B.C ancient Sumeria, Cuneiform (wedge writing) appeared, it also was used in ancient Mexico by the Olmecs prior to 400 B.C. Cuneiform did the same thing a preface in a novel does, it served as just an introduction. The novel or next form of writing was the Maya glyphs used in 200-1500 A.D. After glyphs, characters began to appear.
Cuneiform, which developed in Sumeria flourished between 3100 and 2000 B.C. It is said that the earliest form of writing however developed in Southeast Asia out of economic expediency. There were pictograms found in Mesopotamia of tokens with pictures to label farm produce. Overtime, they started putting these picture impressions onto clay tablets with a stylus (a blunt reed). The marks left were wedge shaped which gave way to the name cuneiform.
The switch to full writing occurred sometime around 3500 and 3000 B.C; this changed as signs started to be used mainly for sound value. They also started using Homonymy which is when pictures of concrete things are used as symbols that represent sound.
Soon after the Sumerians, the idea of writing spread to the people of Southwest Asia, and surrounding places such as the Egyptians, the Cretans, the Elamites, and those of the Indus Valley. So, because the people of these ancient civilizations used pictures as writing, many assume that their form of writing was primitive. On the contrary, their form of writing just represented sound in an irregular way. The form of writing was the stepping stone of writing as we know it today.
Reflection 5
In every culture, there is some way to represent the coming of age for the youth. In the Jewish community, there is a Bar Mitzvah (bar meaning son and mitzvah meaning commandment) when a Jewish male turns 13 and a Bat (bat meaning daughter) Mitzvah when a girl turns 12. Hispanics have the quinceanera at age 15 to signify that a girl is now a woman. And Americans have the Sweet Sixteen. These are all rites of passages and whether we know it of not, we engage in initiation rites to get ready for these rites of passages ceremonies.
In any profession, it is good to know about the different beliefs of cultures, but a a teacher, this information is vital. Becoming a man or a woman can put a lot of pressure on a child. So whereas a student used to make mostly A's and B's, during the preparations for the rite of passage ceremony, their grades may start to waver a bit, and they may even be absent from school more.
Not only is it important for teachers to be familiar with different rites of passages their students may go through, they should also be familiar with major religious beliefs of their students. Like knowing that the Jewish boy in class isn't wearing a hat but a kippah or more commonly know as a yarmulke. Or that the Hispanic student isn't breaking the dress code when she's wearing all white. Instead she is just following the rules of her Santeria religion.
Knowing about the different things your students may go through based on nurture alone can make all the difference in the classroom. If you are teaching at a prominently Hispanic school, you would probably allow a little leeway for the upcoming Miss Quinceanera. If you are at a prominently Jewish school, you probably wouldn't assign too much weekend work because you know they spend Friday afternoons helping to prepare for Shabbat. You would also know that Shabbath is the day of rest and it isn't over until sunset the next evening.
Initiation rites and ceremonies has a lot to do with teaching and learning because they provide knowledge into another group of people. Prior to teaching the students, you may do some research on the students with the most cultural influence. And teachers can even assign a project where each student is given a culture and they have to research it and present themselves to the class. This on its own would be a way of teaching not only the students about different rites of passages, but another way to further educate yourself.
In any profession, it is good to know about the different beliefs of cultures, but a a teacher, this information is vital. Becoming a man or a woman can put a lot of pressure on a child. So whereas a student used to make mostly A's and B's, during the preparations for the rite of passage ceremony, their grades may start to waver a bit, and they may even be absent from school more.
Not only is it important for teachers to be familiar with different rites of passages their students may go through, they should also be familiar with major religious beliefs of their students. Like knowing that the Jewish boy in class isn't wearing a hat but a kippah or more commonly know as a yarmulke. Or that the Hispanic student isn't breaking the dress code when she's wearing all white. Instead she is just following the rules of her Santeria religion.
Knowing about the different things your students may go through based on nurture alone can make all the difference in the classroom. If you are teaching at a prominently Hispanic school, you would probably allow a little leeway for the upcoming Miss Quinceanera. If you are at a prominently Jewish school, you probably wouldn't assign too much weekend work because you know they spend Friday afternoons helping to prepare for Shabbat. You would also know that Shabbath is the day of rest and it isn't over until sunset the next evening.
Initiation rites and ceremonies has a lot to do with teaching and learning because they provide knowledge into another group of people. Prior to teaching the students, you may do some research on the students with the most cultural influence. And teachers can even assign a project where each student is given a culture and they have to research it and present themselves to the class. This on its own would be a way of teaching not only the students about different rites of passages, but another way to further educate yourself.
Friday, January 22, 2010
Reflection 1
In today's society, to become a teacher you have to attend college, pass competency exams, be background checked and fingerprinted, and become board certified. Being a teacher is seen as career today. So, it amazed me how in colonial times being a teacher was regarded with little or no respect.
Teachers in those times hardly received and preparations for the job, some elementary teachers never even attended secondary school themselves! Many only learned to teach due to apprenticeships to master teachers and because they were indentured servants paying for their way to America by teaching for a few years.
The teachers that were teaching at a secondary level in Latin grammar schools, academies, and as private tutors received some college but more often in Europe then America. Teaching was seen as a temporary job not a career. Many of the teachers that taught at the elementary level were just teenagers and would only do so for a about a year or two. Others had questionable characters, records have been found stating that a great deal of teachers were fired for drinking and stealing.
Things started to change for the better when Reverend Samuel Hall established a normal school in Concord, Vermont. This school provided elementary school graduates with training in teaching skills. Hall's normal school was the stepping stone in schools in America. The next normal school was state supported and established by Horace Mann in Lexington, Massachusetts. These normal schools provided a two year teacher training program, dealing with academic subjects combined with methodology.
Today we have Teach for America (TFA). TFA recruits highly motivated and talented people who find themselves in very distressed schools. These recruits are placed in schools that have higher problems finding teachers. People that support TFA say that the volunteers become excellent teachers. The volunteers are also eagerly accepted because they are usually sent to a school where finding a teacher was more a challenge.
So as opposed to the early 20th century, being a teacher has become a whole new ball game. Whereas teachers didn't have many supporters before, they now have unions and whole organizations offering them support.
Teachers in those times hardly received and preparations for the job, some elementary teachers never even attended secondary school themselves! Many only learned to teach due to apprenticeships to master teachers and because they were indentured servants paying for their way to America by teaching for a few years.
The teachers that were teaching at a secondary level in Latin grammar schools, academies, and as private tutors received some college but more often in Europe then America. Teaching was seen as a temporary job not a career. Many of the teachers that taught at the elementary level were just teenagers and would only do so for a about a year or two. Others had questionable characters, records have been found stating that a great deal of teachers were fired for drinking and stealing.
Things started to change for the better when Reverend Samuel Hall established a normal school in Concord, Vermont. This school provided elementary school graduates with training in teaching skills. Hall's normal school was the stepping stone in schools in America. The next normal school was state supported and established by Horace Mann in Lexington, Massachusetts. These normal schools provided a two year teacher training program, dealing with academic subjects combined with methodology.
Today we have Teach for America (TFA). TFA recruits highly motivated and talented people who find themselves in very distressed schools. These recruits are placed in schools that have higher problems finding teachers. People that support TFA say that the volunteers become excellent teachers. The volunteers are also eagerly accepted because they are usually sent to a school where finding a teacher was more a challenge.
So as opposed to the early 20th century, being a teacher has become a whole new ball game. Whereas teachers didn't have many supporters before, they now have unions and whole organizations offering them support.
Wednesday, January 20, 2010
Reflection 3
My elementary and middle school experience was multicultural to a certain extent. While the prominent race was Black, there was an array of ethnicities. We had Africans, African-Americans, Haitians, Jamaicans, Bahamians, Panamanians, and so much more. There was also lots of Hispanics, and scattered amounts of Caucasians, and Asians.
During my Elementary and Middle School years, the contributions approach was used the most. In February, we learned about important people in black history. Around Thanksgiving, we learned that Christopher Columbus discovered the world and made peace with the Pilgrims which is why we have Thanksgiving. Around the holidays, we were told that Santa brings us gifts and if we misbehave we would only get a lump of coal for the holidays.
It wasn't until high school, when more of my teachers started using the transformation approach that I started to see things differently. In February, we learned about important people in black history, but we would have to think about how life would be without those contributions. We had to put ourselves back in those days and try and see how hard it must have been for that person to accomplish what they did.
Around Thanksgiving, we learned that Columbus did not discover America and the feast was a sorry attempt at apologizing for raping the women, spreading diseases, and taking away so much for the Indians. We were told that Santa is not real and why should he get all the credit for gifts people probably worked very hard for. We were also told that if we got a lump of coal just toss it and go get something better.
I wish that my elementary and middle school education used the transformation approach to learning. Had they used this approach, I would be more aware of history instead of thinking everything was just one great fairy tale. Perhaps they think it is too much for a child to handle, but on the contrary it's better to tell the truth about things while children are older.
I also feel that if my elementary and middle school had used the transformation approach, then my high school would have used the social action approach. Had this been done, I would probably do more acting then thinking.
During my Elementary and Middle School years, the contributions approach was used the most. In February, we learned about important people in black history. Around Thanksgiving, we learned that Christopher Columbus discovered the world and made peace with the Pilgrims which is why we have Thanksgiving. Around the holidays, we were told that Santa brings us gifts and if we misbehave we would only get a lump of coal for the holidays.
It wasn't until high school, when more of my teachers started using the transformation approach that I started to see things differently. In February, we learned about important people in black history, but we would have to think about how life would be without those contributions. We had to put ourselves back in those days and try and see how hard it must have been for that person to accomplish what they did.
Around Thanksgiving, we learned that Columbus did not discover America and the feast was a sorry attempt at apologizing for raping the women, spreading diseases, and taking away so much for the Indians. We were told that Santa is not real and why should he get all the credit for gifts people probably worked very hard for. We were also told that if we got a lump of coal just toss it and go get something better.
I wish that my elementary and middle school education used the transformation approach to learning. Had they used this approach, I would be more aware of history instead of thinking everything was just one great fairy tale. Perhaps they think it is too much for a child to handle, but on the contrary it's better to tell the truth about things while children are older.
I also feel that if my elementary and middle school had used the transformation approach, then my high school would have used the social action approach. Had this been done, I would probably do more acting then thinking.
Reflection 2
The people that lived in more archaic times of civilizations, were not as smart as we are today. Homo Habilis were among the first to use tool like objects. Before this however, they would find their food from the earth by digging in the the soil with sticks. They were oblivious to all the food that was roaming around.
Overtime however, there way of thinking must have increased a bit because the started making tools. This completely changed everything for them. Whereas they were once nomads, roaming the land and never really settling in one place for a long time, the invention of these tools provided them with access to better food and shelter.
While Homo Habilis created tools that were small in shape, shape, form, and ability, Homo Erectus created tools that were much larger and complex. The tools that they made allowed them the luxury of hunting and eating larger game. The added bonus of this was that Homo Erectus had been the first peoples to use fire. So, not only were they hunting larger game, they had fire to provide as a way to cook the meat and also as warmth.
Fire was of great importance to the Homo Erectus people. It provided them with warmth. It acted as a stove cooking the meat and giving it a better taste. They would also use fires to find shelter. If they happened on a cave and a larger animal lived there, they would simply set fire to the cave forcing the animal out and thus providing themselves with shelter.
The most effective paradigm shift associated with the making and discovery of tools, is that the tools aided in better communication. The making in the tools alone was probably a group effort. Perhaps one grunt could have meant give me a rock and a stick and two grunts coupled with a finger in the air could have meant the tool was being made wrong.
Paradigms shape the way we think, but when a paradigm shifts, the mind is allowed room to explore its horizons. Where would we be today if we only allowed what was to be? We would probably still be walking around naked or with very little clothing. Eating from the earth and using grunts and gestures as means of communication.
Overtime however, there way of thinking must have increased a bit because the started making tools. This completely changed everything for them. Whereas they were once nomads, roaming the land and never really settling in one place for a long time, the invention of these tools provided them with access to better food and shelter.
While Homo Habilis created tools that were small in shape, shape, form, and ability, Homo Erectus created tools that were much larger and complex. The tools that they made allowed them the luxury of hunting and eating larger game. The added bonus of this was that Homo Erectus had been the first peoples to use fire. So, not only were they hunting larger game, they had fire to provide as a way to cook the meat and also as warmth.
Fire was of great importance to the Homo Erectus people. It provided them with warmth. It acted as a stove cooking the meat and giving it a better taste. They would also use fires to find shelter. If they happened on a cave and a larger animal lived there, they would simply set fire to the cave forcing the animal out and thus providing themselves with shelter.
The most effective paradigm shift associated with the making and discovery of tools, is that the tools aided in better communication. The making in the tools alone was probably a group effort. Perhaps one grunt could have meant give me a rock and a stick and two grunts coupled with a finger in the air could have meant the tool was being made wrong.
Paradigms shape the way we think, but when a paradigm shifts, the mind is allowed room to explore its horizons. Where would we be today if we only allowed what was to be? We would probably still be walking around naked or with very little clothing. Eating from the earth and using grunts and gestures as means of communication.
Monday, January 11, 2010
Bio Statement
On July 18, 1991, I came into this world with a bang! The name's Monica Anestin (like Jennifer Aniston), remember it because it's going to become household one day. I have a passion for reading and I live fashion. My favorite colors are yellow and silver, yes I know it is quite an unusual pair but I'm an unusual person. People often see me and label me obtuse or conceited, but only the latter is true.
I love animals and would pull over on the side of the road to help a hurt dog or cat in an instant. I'm a Cancer so by birth I am the nurturing type. I'm the girl that many hate, but in their hearts they're dying to get to know me. I keep my friends to a minimum. The few friends that I do have has been around for at least five years.
I am the epitome of an optimist. You'll always find me trying to find the silver lining in a stormy grey cloud. I am a determined person, when I want something, I always get it. I am selfish when it comes to my love, but once you have it you'll have a never ending amount. I cry when I am hurt and feel like life is at a standstill. I do this because I relate tears to rain and I know just like a rainbow comes after the rain, there will be a rainbow after my rain [tears]. I laugh when I'm happy or when I feel like there's nothing else to do. I don't believe in frown lines and find laughter the best antidote for them.
I'm one of those people who believe that hitting rock bottom is sometimes the biggest blessing. It allows you to look at life from a different perspective and find where you are supposed to be. I live by my own rules and expectations. I live through my experiences good and bad, and while I may make the same mistakes over and over, I know that I'm still young and it's all apart of growing up.
I'm buckled up for the journey called life and I'm ready for whatever curve balls it may throw my way. I know that everything won't always be sweet, but I also know they won't always be sour either. I am living life trying to reach my goal and doing whatever it takes to get me there. My one true goal in life is to be happy. It sounds simple and sort of dumb to some, but how many people can go around and say that they are actually happy?
I am a dreamer, you can see the dreams forming in my eyes with one glance. I am determined, you can see the determination sitting prominently on my cheekbones. I am loving, you can see the love emitting through my body with each step I take. I am me, and the best part of being me, is that I am still finding me.
I love animals and would pull over on the side of the road to help a hurt dog or cat in an instant. I'm a Cancer so by birth I am the nurturing type. I'm the girl that many hate, but in their hearts they're dying to get to know me. I keep my friends to a minimum. The few friends that I do have has been around for at least five years.
I am the epitome of an optimist. You'll always find me trying to find the silver lining in a stormy grey cloud. I am a determined person, when I want something, I always get it. I am selfish when it comes to my love, but once you have it you'll have a never ending amount. I cry when I am hurt and feel like life is at a standstill. I do this because I relate tears to rain and I know just like a rainbow comes after the rain, there will be a rainbow after my rain [tears]. I laugh when I'm happy or when I feel like there's nothing else to do. I don't believe in frown lines and find laughter the best antidote for them.
I'm one of those people who believe that hitting rock bottom is sometimes the biggest blessing. It allows you to look at life from a different perspective and find where you are supposed to be. I live by my own rules and expectations. I live through my experiences good and bad, and while I may make the same mistakes over and over, I know that I'm still young and it's all apart of growing up.
I'm buckled up for the journey called life and I'm ready for whatever curve balls it may throw my way. I know that everything won't always be sweet, but I also know they won't always be sour either. I am living life trying to reach my goal and doing whatever it takes to get me there. My one true goal in life is to be happy. It sounds simple and sort of dumb to some, but how many people can go around and say that they are actually happy?
I am a dreamer, you can see the dreams forming in my eyes with one glance. I am determined, you can see the determination sitting prominently on my cheekbones. I am loving, you can see the love emitting through my body with each step I take. I am me, and the best part of being me, is that I am still finding me.
Bats, Coyotes, and Gnomes
Bats
Devils in the night that live blindly by day. Bats are somtimes feared but that's only because they go misunderstood. Flying aimlessy in the day but flying with purpose in the night.
Two Gnomes Dance the Celebatory Hopaky
The hopaky can be referred to as the coming of age. We all dance the hopaky in one form or another. Some of us take pride in our looks as the gnomes take pride in their "acrobatic jumps". And like the gnomes we all live by our own rules.
Coyote
The coyote is a sinister animal. He lives in the shadows and comes into the light for survival but in surviving, he takes lives.
Devils in the night that live blindly by day. Bats are somtimes feared but that's only because they go misunderstood. Flying aimlessy in the day but flying with purpose in the night.
Two Gnomes Dance the Celebatory Hopaky
The hopaky can be referred to as the coming of age. We all dance the hopaky in one form or another. Some of us take pride in our looks as the gnomes take pride in their "acrobatic jumps". And like the gnomes we all live by our own rules.
Coyote
The coyote is a sinister animal. He lives in the shadows and comes into the light for survival but in surviving, he takes lives.
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